دیزباد وطن ماست

دیزباد وطن ماست

سایت رسمی روستای دیزباد علیا (بالا) از توابع شهرستان نیشابور در استان خراسان رضوی ایران.
دیزباد وطن ماست

دیزباد وطن ماست

سایت رسمی روستای دیزباد علیا (بالا) از توابع شهرستان نیشابور در استان خراسان رضوی ایران.

Khaki Khurasani Dizbadi

Dizbad Watane Mast: Khaki Khorasani is the name of a famous poet in Dizbad which you can see an article about his character in the IIS website.

Khaki Khurasani, Imamquli, Isma'ili poet and preacher of 17th-century Persia (b. Dizbad; d. Dizbad, after 1056 AH / 1646 CE). He was born in Dizbad, a village in the hills half way between Mashhad and Nishapur, which at the time was the largest dwelling place of the Isma'ilis of northern Khurasan.

Little is known about his life and education but, judging from his poems, he was a talented poet and well versed in Islamic religious sciences. It appears that a visit to Dizbad by the thirty-sixth Isma‘ili Imam, Murad Mirza (d. 981/1574), left a lasting impression on the youthful Khaki, prompting him to devote his entire life to the preaching of the Isma‘ili faith. Local narratives of his encounter with the Isma‘ili Imam, which is reminiscent of the encounter of Jalal al-Din Muhammad Rumi with Shams Tabrizi, soon turned into legend and caused the inauguration of a new milestone in the cultural history of his native place that has survived to this day. Though not as a religious ceremony, on the last Friday of the month of Mordad in the Persian calendar (middle of August), people of Dizbad of all religious persuasions gather together in the depth of a gorge called Nowhasar to pay homage to the place where Khaki was blessed and granted spiritual insight by the Imam.



Khaki seems to have been born during the reign of the Safawid Shah Tahmasb (r. 930-84/1524-76). He recounts in his poems the name of Shah ‘Abbas I (r. 1587-1629) and was a contemporary of Shah Safi (d. 1052/1642), and ‘Abbas II (d. 1077/1666). He was also contemporary to three Isma‘ili imams, namely Murad Mirza, Dhu’l-fiqar ‘Ali (d. 1043/1634), and Nur al-Din, nicknamed Nur al-Dahr (d. 1082/1671). His Isma‘ili preaching seems to have been successful enough to attract the attention of the Safawid king, probably ‘Abbas I, which led to his arrest and torture, but unlike his predecessor, the poet Abu’l-Qasim Muhammad Amri Shirazi (d. 999/1590), he was not blinded and killed (Daftary, 1994, p. 456). About the year 1640, the relationship between Isma‘ili imams and Safawid kings improved to the extent that Nur al-Din accompanied Shah ‘Abbas II on his visit to Mashhad in 1642, when Khaki was probably released and returned to his home in Dizbad (Ibn Ya‘qubshah).


Nothing in prose has remained from Khaki, but the corpus of his poetic compositions comprises over 5,000 couplets which constitute his collection of poetry (diwan), and a lengthy (ca. 1,300 couplets) religious mathnawi entitled Tulu‘ al-shams. Two shorter versified treatises, Nigaristan and Baharistan (two qasidas in 980 and 79 verses, respectively), have also survived (Poonawala, pp. 279-80; Daftary, 1994, p. 123). The poems that have survived to our time seem to have been compiled later in his life. The content of Khaki’s religious writings fully complies with the late and post-Alamut Isma‘ili theological texts and the writings of Nasir al-Din Tusi (d. 671/1274), Khayrkhwah Harati, and Abu Ishaq Quhistani. Khaki is said to have lived a long life; the location of his grave, though without a gravestone, is known to the local residents of Dizbad.


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Bibliography:

Farhad Daftary, The Isma‘ilis: Their History and Doctrines, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Idem, Ismaili Literature: A Bibliography of Sources and Studies, London and New York, 1994.

Z. Jeferali, “Khaki Khurasani,” in The Great Ismaili Heroes, Karachi, 1973, pp. 95-97.

Ibn Ya‘qubshah Sufi, Poems in Praise of the Ismaili Imam Nur al-Din, Mss, Institute of Ismaili Studies, no. 14708.

Imam Quli Khaki Khurasani, Diwan (selections of), ed. Wladimir Ivanow as An Abbreviated Version of the Diwan of Khaki Khorasani, Bombay, 1933.

Ismail K. Poonawala, Biobibliography of Isma‘ili Literature, Malibu, Calif., 1977.

This is an edited version of an article that was originally published in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, November 2006


Dizbad Dizbad-e-Bala Dizbad-e-Olya- Khaki Dizbadi Khaki Khorasani Fadaei Khorasani Fadaei
دکتر عادل میرشاهی سه‌شنبه 21 مرداد‌ماه سال 1399 ساعت 12:58 ب.ظ
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Khaki Khorasani


Imam Quli signifying "the servant of God" in the Turkish language, is native of the village of Dizbad in the Khorasan. This village now flourishing, is situated in the mountains and hangs on the highest flank, the Kuh-e-Binalud 10535 feet), at half way between Nishapur and Mashad.

He is known under the name of Khaki Khorasani but as a writer he uses the pen name of Khaki (that belongs to the soil).

Unfortunately we have very little information about his life in order to give a complete biography. We will, therefore, content ourselves with the elements that the author is giving us indirectly in his works and of folklore. We will be able to reconstitute broadly the surrounding in which the Imam Quli lived and grew.

Historical outline

According to the date of his books, it can be affirmed that he lived under the reign of the Safawid Kings, probably under Shah Safi (1037-1052/1628-1642) and under Shah Abbas II (1052-1077/ 1622-1667).

The Safawids, as it is known, were a dynasty of Sufi origin and Shi'a belief. They imposed Shiaism as state religion while they were patronizing the growth and the propagation of Sufi ideas. To the Ismailis, this policy brought a certain relief and a greater freedom in their religious practice and the expression of their ideology. Volently persecuted after the fall of Alamut, it is understood that Sufism served them as alibi and as convenient refuge. The Ismailis continued to practise and propagate their faith in using the cloak of Sufism upto the dawn of the nineteenth century. Thus a quite important Sufi-lsmailite literature was born. This junction of Ismailism and Sufism would have been unthinkable if both did not have a common source. In fact, the theology of Sufism revives nearly in its entirety, the metaphysical doctrine of Ismailism (Haqa'iq). However, while using the vocabulary of Sufism and professing the same theosophical metaphysic, the gnostic Ismailis as well as Khaki Khorasani were hostile to sufi practice and beliefs.

Since the massacre of the last Imam of Alamut, Imam Ruknud-Din Kurshah by the Mongols (1257), his descendants established themselves in the south of Caucasus. They lived there hidden under the garb of Shaikhs and of venerable land-owners (vide W. lvanow, Brief survey of Ismailism, No. 7, Leidan, 1952. p.18). Later in the IX/XVth century they settled down in Anjudan (about twenty miles from Arak). Khaki Khorasani was the contemporary of two Imams residing at Anjudan, whose names he cites in his poems: Imam Shah Dhulfikar Ali (920-922/1514-1516) and Imam Shah Nur-ad-Dhar (i.e. Shah Nurd-Din Ali) (922-957/1516-1550). For the latter, Khaki cites a later date: 1056/1646.

However, in spite of this comfortable situation for the Ismailis, the faithfuls had to be very careful and observe the taqiyya, the secret to avoid reviving the fanatism and the hostility which during centuries had impregnated the mind of certain less educated religious group. That fanatism resulted, as historv showed it, in acts of violence and in considerable loss of human lives in the lsmaili community.

This lack of understanding still existed at the time of Khaki. The folklore has preserved the painful souvenirs of the tortures that the Imam Quli endured by the authorities of his villages he outlived, it is said, by divine blessings. It was the exact opposite for his predecessor Qasim Amiri of Shiraz, a star in the pleiade of Ismaili poets of the post-Alamut period. In fact, in spite of the precautions he took to conceal his faith, he was accused of heresy in 973/1565 and was rendered blind under the orders of the King Tahmasp (930-984/1525-1576); he was later on executed by Abbas the First (999/1591).
 
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Khaki Khorasani Khaki Dizbadi Dizbad
دکتر عادل میرشاهی دوشنبه 24 تیر‌ماه سال 1392 ساعت 09:56 ق.ظ
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